Multiple sources of DAGs in mammalian cells have been determined [for review see [ 27]].
The duration of metformin therapy and dosage history were determined for each patient by review of their medical record, and these dosages were confirmed verbally by the patients; these data were used to calculate a cumulative lifetime dose of metformin for each patient.
Blood was drawn from all subjects, and age of diagnosis was determined for cases by questionnaire and review of medical history.
In that review, IARC determined for the first time that in addition to the confirmed association with ANLL, there was also limited evidence that benzene causes acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM) in humans (Baan et al. 2009).
The cost of translation, however, is beyond the scope of this study and the feasibility and accuracy of free web-based translation tools has not yet been determined for the purpose of realist reviews.
Underlying cause of death was determined for all participants by unbiased death review panels that were blinded to the study arm and not affiliated with the study centre.
Baseline sCr values for patients were determined through review of all sCr values taken from the patient during the preceding 12 months.
Among vertebrates teleosts present a considerably wide range of sex determination patterns, which may be influenced by environmental parameters such as temperature or group dynamics (abiotic environmentally-controlled sex determination, ESD) or is genetically determined (genetic sex determination, GSD) (for reviews see [1], [2], [3]).
A positive thromboembolic complication was determined by review of all charts for diagnostic tests that would be used to diagnose thromboembolic complications, such as ultrasound or spiral CT.
We set out to determine, for Cochrane pregnancy and childbirth reviews, the frequency of updates, factors associated with updating, and whether updating frequency was appropriate.
