Scores were determined by averaging values from three experienced, blinded graders for the summation of four locations in the joint: lateral femur, lateral tibia, medial femur, and medial tibia.
MSMB concentration was determined by interpolation of values from non-linear regression of the sigmoidal standard curve.
GSH and GSSG content was determined by comparison with values from a standard curve using freshly prepared GSH and GSSG, which was normalized with protein content in the colonic mucosa tissue homogenates.
Fluorescent intensity values were determined by subtracting the values from the murine IgG spots.
The subject sensitivity was determined by d′ values, derived from a detection task.
The stereo saliency of an object can be determined by the values calculated from the stereo contrast and stereo focus models.
Significant likelihood ratios for testing haplotype effects were determined by critical values obtained from the χ2-square distribution with two degrees of freedom with a Bonferroni adjustment to the type I error.
The total funding values each year were determined by summing the values from each organization, with the exception of the first row (NIH Geneticscs), which is described in the text.
The usefulness of the reference values reported here, given their wide normal range, will ultimately be determined by the values that are obtained from diseased dogs.
The usefulness of the reference values reported here, given their wide normal range, will ultimately be determined by the values that are obtained from a large numbers of diseased dogs.
The mitochondrial area was measured using the histogram function of the Image J software (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/) by setting a threshold value excluding 95% of the background staining, as determined by the pixel values from the nuclear area (Liang et al., 2007).
