This implies that the onset of normal tissue damage is usually determined by tissue turnover rate.
The time scale on which IGF-receptor complexes emerge is determined by its turnover rate δ I = 1.2 × 10−6 s−10−6
However, at relatively high substrate concentrations, the reaction rate asymptotically approaches the theoretical maximum; the enzyme active sites are almost all occupied and the reaction rate is determined by the intrinsic turnover rate of the enzyme.
Cell proliferations were determined by measuring the turnover of WST-1 to Formazan (Roche).
At 12 or 24 months, efficacy was mostly determined by BMD, bone turnover markers, muscle strength, and balance.
Bone quality is known to be determined by bone architecture, turnover, accumulation of microdamage, mineralization, and properties of bone matrix proteins such as collagen (4).
This is determined by the charity's turnover, fundraising capacity, and input from current board members or the founding chair.
We now consider a specific type of turnover, determined by job contract duration and we focus on fixed-term workers (independently on the number of months worked in a year).
In the limit of zero oxygen (i.e. eliminating every species containing oxygen), we have: (25) Therefore, the maximum theoretical concentration of HIF1α in the model at steady state (qmax) is determined by the production and turnover rates of HIF1α.
Some studies have suggested that the rate of bone turnover determined by metabolic bone markers (Yamaguchi et al. 2003) and systemic bone mineral density (BMD) measured from the lumbar spine, contralateral hip and forearm (Rahmy et al. 2004, Grochola et al. 2008, van der Wal et al. 2008) can predict periprosthetic bone loss.
Articular cartilage collagen has an exceptionally long half-life, and, since the rate of AGE accumulation is largely determined by the rate of protein turnover [ 4], this low turnover of cartilage constituents results in an abundant accumulation of AGEs in articular cartilage [ 5, 6].
