Sentence examples for determined by the upper from inspiring English sources
The lower level sub-model is the traffic network user equilibrium (UE) formulation for a given network design strategy determined by the upper level problem.
The main objective of the lower control layer is to adjust on-line actions of the booster stations determined by the upper control layer so that the chlorine residuals are kept within the limits.
A decentralisation of the lower layer controller into a number of independent local controllers allocated to selected sub-areas of a distribution system by using the interaction trajectories determined by the upper layer is discussed.
Also, our simulation results show that the performance and conversion efficiency of InGaN p-n junction solar cell is determined by the upper p-InGaN junction rather than the n-InGaN substrate [3].
From Theorem 2, when μ(B) and S are fixed, the upper bound of ({left | {mathbf {x} - hat {mathbf {x}}} right |_{2}}) is determined by the upper bound of ({left | mathbf {n} right |_{2}}), i.e., ({left | {{mathbf {B}_{mathbf {e}}}mathbf {x} + mathbf {v}} right |_{2}}).
Although the distribution of the elements in ({{boldsymbol {hat {X}}}_{i}}) is difficult to estimate, ({sigma _{2}^{2}}) can be determined by the upper value of (Kleft | {left ({n_{m1}^{text {sg}}left (k right), cdots,n_{textit {mN}}^{text {sg}}left (k right)} right)} right |_{2}^{2}) empirically.
Secondary endpoints include the effect of treatment on salivary IgA concentration and the frequency of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) for two weeks post-marathon as determined by the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-24).
Secondary endpoints include the effect of consuming Wobenzym on: 1. the frequency of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) during the 2-week post-marathon period as determined by the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-24).
In this case, the total amount of uplink real-time capacities in the network is maximized over a restricted parameter set, which is determined by the specified upper bounds on mean nrtPS packet delays and by the specified range of loads.
The upper limit on the range of the expected values for the population was determined by calculating the upper bound of a one-sided 95% prediction interval for the distribution of the assay values.
The constraint effect of one ecosystem service on the other was determined by extracting the upper constraint lines from the scatter plots of the paired ecosystem services with segmented quantile regression on the levels of landscape, class, and ecoregion.
