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Background levels of fluorescence were determined by labelling cells with secondary antibody only.
The relative order of genes on the same chromosome was determined by labelling adjacent BACs with different fluorochromes (see Figure 1 for examples).
This is determined by labelling genomic DNA from the test and reference sample with different fluorescent dyes followed by co-hybridisation to the microarray slide.
Apoptosis was determined by labelling cells with Annexin-V (Molecular Probes, Paisley, UK) which detects exposed phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane.
Exposure to 10 µM TMX caused 15 35% increases in oxidative status (as determined by labelling with DCF) in all three cell lines (Fig 1C), along with a >twofold increase in the proportion of oxidized glutathione in the total intracellular glutathione pool, from 10 to 23% (Supporting Information Fig S2).
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The surface density σ of pMHCs was determined by labeling with fluorescent anti-HLA and fluorescence determination.
The chemical separation of 47Sc was optimized in order to obtain a product of sufficient quality determined by labeling experiments using DOTANOC.
Cell surface protein expression was determined by labeling with the membrane-impermeant biotinylation reagent, NHS-SS-biotin (Pierce Chemical Co).
The number and distribution of hemi- and fully fused vesicles relative to the plasma membrane was determined by labeling their centers using the landmark editor feature of Amira (Figs. 2 B, D; 6 B D).
Transfections with Effectene (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) results in 60 80% efficiency as determined by labeling for β-gal [ 16].
Ectopic expression of LRP5 was determined by labeling with an anti-LRP5 antibody and an Alexa 555 conjugated secondary antibody (Invitrogen).
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