Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
determined by if
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "determined by if" is not correct and does not convey a clear meaning in written English.
It is typically used incorrectly when trying to express a condition or criteria for determination. Example: "The outcome of the experiment is determined by if the temperature is above freezing."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Wiki
Alternative expressions(3)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
3 human-written examples
H-score values correlated well with the EGFR mRNA expression level in the cell lines (R2 = 0.91) and the cell surface expression of these cell lines by FACS analysis (Figure S4), indicating biomarker analysis based on levels of protein determined by IF may be feasible in captured CTCs.
Science
Hence, the fraction of binucleated cells was calculated by using the following formula, which takes into account the percentage of cells that were mitotic at the time of shake-off, as determined by IF microscopy.
Science
Physical activity frequencies were determined by "If you are actively doing sports or physical activity outside school, how many days a week are you active?" and categorized into "never"[1], "less than once a week"[2], "1 day a week"[3],"2 to 3 days a week"[4], "4 to 6 days a week"[5] and "almost every day"[6].
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
57 human-written examples
Selectivity is mainly determined by the IF and channel filter (analog and digital) rejection.
When the symbol is activated it is determined by either if-then rules or fuzzy rules.
In addition, an estimation of the insolation incident on a two axis sun tracking system is determined by fuzzy IF-THEN rules.
With our model alternative possibilities for improvement can be determined by what-if analyses.
Science
A nonempty subset M of X is called an invariant set of descending flow for f determined by W if bigl{ varphi t,u_{0}): 0leq t< tau u_{0}) bigr} subset M for all (u_{0}in Msetminus K).
Science
As you'll have determined by now if you've heard my debut album, my "thing" is to combine flamenco, torch songs, and slow-burning rock noirs.
News & Media
The public element is determined by considering if the body's power stems from a legal source (the "source test"), or if the nature of the body is that it is carrying out some public function (the "nature test").
Wiki
The meridian segments were identified by two separate acupuncturists and ultimately determined by consensus if any disagreements occurred.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Replace "determined by if" with more grammatically correct alternatives such as "determined by whether" or "based on whether" to improve clarity and credibility.
Common error
Avoid using "determined by if" because it is grammatically incorrect and creates awkward phrasing. Instead, clarify the conditional relationship using "determined by whether" or similar constructions to ensure your writing is clear and precise.
Source & Trust
74%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "determined by if" functions as a conditional determiner, attempting to specify that an outcome is conditional on a certain factor. However, as Ludwig AI points out, the construction is grammatically incorrect. Correct usage requires alternatives like "determined by whether".
Frequent in
Science
50%
News & Media
31%
Wiki
13%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, while the phrase "determined by if" appears in various contexts, Ludwig AI analysis confirms it is grammatically incorrect and should be avoided in favor of clearer alternatives. The intended purpose is to establish conditional relationships, but the phrasing creates awkwardness. More appropriate constructions, such as "determined by whether" or "based on whether", ensure clearer and more credible communication. This is especially important in formal writing contexts like scientific papers or news reports. Therefore, always prioritize grammatical correctness and clarity over sticking to this flawed phrasing.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
based on whether
Clear and concise, indicating that the determination is grounded on a conditional assessment.
determined by whether
Replaces "if" with "whether" to create a more grammatically sound expression of a conditional determination.
contingent on whether
Highlights the conditional nature of the determination, suggesting it is directly dependent on a particular outcome.
determined according to whether
More formal and grammatically correct, this phrase emphasizes that the determination follows a specific condition.
determined by the condition that
This version explicitly states that the determination is contingent on a certain condition being met.
determined based on if
Adds "based on" to improve the flow but remains grammatically awkward; it can be seen as a stepping stone to more correct structures.
dependent on if
Directly expresses that the determination relies on a condition; while simpler, it may still sound slightly awkward.
determined by the fact that
Focuses on the determination being based on a specific fact or circumstance.
influenced by whether
Indicates that the determination is affected or shaped by a particular condition, rather than being solely decided by it.
as determined by if
Adds "as" to clarify the origin of the determination, though "if" remains grammatically questionable.
FAQs
What's a better way to phrase "determined by if"?
Instead of "determined by if", use phrases like "determined by whether", "based on whether", or "contingent on whether". These alternatives offer clearer and more grammatically correct ways to express conditionality.
Is "determined by if" grammatically correct?
No, "determined by if" is generally considered grammatically incorrect. A more appropriate phrasing would be /s/determined+by+whether or /s/based+on+whether.
How can I use conditionality correctly in a sentence?
To use conditionality correctly, ensure your sentence clearly indicates the condition that affects the outcome. For example, "The decision is /s/based+on+if the data supports it" should be rephrased as "The decision is based on whether the data supports it."
What are some common mistakes when using conditional phrases?
A common mistake is using awkward phrasing like "determined by if". Avoid this by opting for clearer constructions such as "influenced by whether" or "affected by whether".
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
74%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested