Using pyruvate (PVA, 4.0 mM) and palmitate (PA, 4.0 mM) as substrates, the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via mitochondrial β-oxidation was determined by ATP determination kit (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) in glucose-free neuronal and astrocytic cell cultures as described by Drew and Leeuwenburgh [32].
The specific activity of GUS expression was determined by fluorometric determination of methylumbelliferone (4-MU) [ 33].
The precision of the models was determined by the determination coefficient (R).
Gender was determined by sex determination PCR as described (Irie et al., 2015).
Results are shown as a heatmap of normalized estimates of phenotypic strength as determined by visual determination of growth on plates (tfg2 upstream shifting alleles in Figure 2C, sua7 downstream shifting alleles in Figure 2D; see Figure S2 and Figure S3 for representative images; see Materials and Methods for calculations).
In contrast, latency in children was determined by visual determination of the latency to peak of the peak closest to the middle of the window (i.e., 265 ms) as a rise to a secondary peak following the N2pc would otherwise skew the data.
After that, worm killing assays were performed as described above and the presence of LF82/pEGFP was determined by CFU-determination on selective kanamycin agar plates and fluorescence microscopy using a Zeiss-LSM 510 META NLO inverted microscope (Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
The pigment was determined by high-throughput determination.
However, the active site geometry of the MCRMe state has not been determined by any structure determination technique.
Blood was analyzed for concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and insulin by immunoassay, and fasting plasma glucose levels were determined by fluorimetric quantitative determination.
