The carbohydrate concentration in EPS was determined as glucose equivalent using enthrone-sulfuric acid method [ 22], whereas the protein concentration was measured as bovine albumin equivalent using the Lowry method [ 23].
The intensity of each physical activity, which started with skill practice, followed by playing sports, was determined as metabolic equivalent of task (MET) value using the compendium of energy expenditures for youth given by Ridley et al (2008).
Narcotic usage was determined as morphine equivalents whereby 10 mg morphine sulfate equals 30 mg oxycodone equals 50 mg hydrocodone equals 75 mg meperidine.
Total soluble sugars were determined as fructose equivalents using the anthrone colorimetric assay [30] at 620 nm with a spectrophotometer (LG-721, BioRad).
The total flavonoids were determined as qurecetin equivalents (mg QE /g of dw and the values were expressed as means of triplicate analysis.
The total flavonoids were determined as quercetin equivalents (mg QE /g of dw and the values were expressed as means of triplicate analysis.
Carboplatin in heparinised human plasma was determined as platinum equivalents using a validated inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy method at Eurofins Medinet B.V., Breda, The Netherlands.
The amount of total phenolic compounds was determined as the pyrocatechol equivalent using an equation obtained from a standard pyrocatechol graph (y = 0.0021 × - 0.0092, R2 = 0.9934).
For the endothelial cells, we collected approximately 400,000 μm of vascular endothelium, which we determined as being the equivalent area of 1,000 pyramidal neurons.
The amount of total flavonoid compounds was determined as the rutin equivalent using an equation obtained from a standard rutin graph (y = 0.0144 × + 0.0556, R2 = 0.9992).
