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Crop yields were determined across all tillage and mulch combinations in each year.
The IM Sports Rating System outlines how league standings, playoff seeding and divisional tiebreakers are determined across all sports.
where σ k,R and μ k,R are the voxel standard deviation and mean, respectively, within ROI k and replicate R. The mean and standard deviation of COV R was determined across all ten replicate images.
The median standardized value was determined across all biological replicates.
Expression stability values were determined across all samples.
The mean for each transcript was determined across all microarrays for the given experimental dataset.
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For each ion trace, peaks were determined jointly across all 37 chromatograms.
Median intensities of reporter ions for each protein were determined normalized across all samples.
This approach has been previously validated for determining maximal walking distance in a population with Peripheral Arterial Disease.[28] The system used in this study is highly accurate for determining velocity across all human walking and running speeds, [29] which allows for precise calculation of physiological work undertaken.
Amongst those in employment, we found that being not being able to take time off work to visit the GP was a key factor in determining responses across all domains.
Here, we take mid-parent to mean the average of the empirically determined parental values, across all replicates (see the methods section).
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