For determining the divergence between LTRs of individual ta-TRIMs, the 5′-LTR and 3′-LTR were aligned from individual full-length ta-TRIM elements from each species.
We attempted to determine the divergence time between paleo- and neognathae birds as well as that between Galloanseriformes and the remaining neognathae birds.
We used Cyt B to determine the divergence time between the Northern and Southern lineage and the population clusters of túngara frogs, because this gene has been proven useful for intraspecific and genus level relationships in several amphibian species [ 2, 75- 77].
By analyzing the number of loci in the two species, we can determine the history of divergence between them, including the ancestral population size, divergence time between species, and possible gene flow [ 13, 14].
The Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) determines the difference between a true distribution (P) and an assumed distribution (Q): D (P | | Q ) = ∑ P (x ) log 2 (P (x ) / Q (x ) ) where x represents the relative frequency of each unique predicate in each distribution.
To determine the time of divergence between the two AtRaptor loci, we searched for Raptor homologues in available plant genome data using AtRaptor1A and AtRaptor1B as query sequences.
The aim was to determine the degree of divergence between the symbiovars and the overall genetic similarity of N. galegae to closely related species, and to reveal and investigate differences that might play a role in nodulation specificity.
B73 sample was then compared to inbred line B73 from Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (B73-SSA, i.e., the parental line of the original B73 × H99 cross) in order to determine the level of divergence between samples from different seed stocks.
Thus, this implies that divergence time in some situations may be not a critical factor to determine the CNC difference between species or species groups.
The first objective of this study was to determine the extent of genetic divergence between populations of R. solani AG-3 from potato and tobacco.
These different patterns of diversity led us to determine the range of sequence divergence between the nuclear genomes of these two sister lineages.
