The total strain (thermal and intrinsic) in the film majorly determines the broadening, dielectric peak and temperature shift in the relaxor ferroelectric.
Si was used as standard to determine the instrumental broadening, and the (111) reflection was analyzed.
The laser light is used to determine the instrumental broadening function which is used to estimate the temperature of the emitting species (e.g., Killeen and Hays 1984).
The laser light is also used to determine the instrumental broadening function which is used to estimate the temperature of the emitting species (Killeen and Hays, 1984).
The diffraction pattern from the line broadening of a standard material such as alumina (Al2O3) was collected to decouple the above-mentioned contributions and to determine the instrumental broadening.
For determining the line broadening parameters of water in the range of 1316.4 1317.8 cm−1 with H2 or O2 as a bath gas, a six-pass, 50.8 mm Herriott cell is used in the calibration experiments.
Therefore, while determining the physical broadening, the hardware broadening is subtracted from the integral width of the experimental peaks.
To determine the transition energies and broadening parameters, the recorded PR features (symbols in Figure 1) were fitted to the first derivative of a Lorentzian-type function [5, 11, 12], while transition intensities were defined from the PR modulus spectra.
We used data collected in 5880 untreated, community dwelling US men aged 65 years or above enrolled in the prospective Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study to determine the incremental effects of broadening the definition of osteoporosis and use of NOF derived FRAX intervention thresholds on the proportion of older men identified as candidates for drug treatment for fracture prevention.
The crystallite size and strain depend on the 2θ peak position which enables us to determine the effect of peak broadening using the Williamson-Hall (W-H) method [16, 17]: β cos θ = k λ D + 4 ε sin θ.
