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Deformation in non-loaded specimens was also measured to determine shrinkage and calculate creep deformation.
Since experiment is the most reliable method for the determination of these amounts of hole shrinkage in polymer composite materials, we have held a multi-factor experiment to determine shrinkage following drilling of D10 (( _{+0.040}^{+0.100} )) mm holes using two types of cutting tools for three different grades of polymer composite materials.
The final answer can be received with a mathematical simulation of the drilling the polymer composite materials using engineering analysis packages (LS-DYNA, ABAQUS, DEFORM, etc).. Experimental research to determine shrinkage of the holes after drilling samples made of polymer composite materials with the subsequent control using optical measuring system ATOS III Triple Scan XL was conducted.
To determine shrinkage due to tissue fixation, staining, and mounting (Egger et al. 2008), the post-mounting thickness of a subset of 10 human and mouse slices was measured, but no statistical difference was observed (140.7 vs. 137.8 µm, medians for human and mouse, P > 0.05, Mann Whitney).
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Consequently, determining shrinkage factors for RMLA is simpler and faster than for HEM.
For inner steel ring restraint, elastic property of steel ring, dimension of ring and deformation properties of repair material will determine the shrinkage stress occurred in repair material.
The cylindrical samples were used to determine part shrinkage, in compressive tests to provide stress-strain data, in microCT scans to provide internal morphology data and for optical microscopy to determine surface morphology.
This model can be used to determine appropriate shrinkage rates and gradient architectures for a given component geometry that will prevent the component from cracking during pressureless sintering by balancing the evolution of strength, which is assumed to be a power law function of the porosity, with the evolution of stress.
The results of a ring test performed to determine restrained shrinkage indicated that at the same age, the cracking potential of expansive mortar based on the stress/strength ratio remained lower than that of normal mortar, which confirmed that the generation of compressive stress at an early age reduced the restrained stress and restrained cracking.
The difference in the distance between the same gold particles in both projections was used to determine specimen shrinkage from radiation damage.
The σ ^ l 2 ∗ are not independent and, therefore, they do not sum up to the genetic variance, which means that they cannot be used directly to determine the shrinkage factor.
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