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For this task, we first determine a reference frame among the multi-exposure images, one that has the largest well-contrasted region.
The foregoing suggests a pleasingly minimalist answer to this question: perhaps, since contents are things which together with circumstances of evaluation determine a reference, contents just are functions from circumstances of evaluation to a reference.
So we know that expressions are associated with characters, which are functions from contexts to contents; and we know that contents are things which, for each circumstance of evaluation, determine a reference.
In order to determine a reference background noise out of all those different microphone signals that are to be mixed to one output signal, it has to be decided which speaker is the dominant one at a time instance.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine a reference range for cortisol concentration in the saliva of dogs and examine how canine characteristics, environmental effects and experimental considerations relate to salivary cortisol concentrations.
A second, more radical alternative to propositional theories Chomskyan internalist theories—holds not that a theory of reference is not enough, but rather that it is too much; on this view, the meanings of expressions of a natural language neither are, nor determine, a reference.
Similar(39)
In Step 1, we determined a reference value that regulates trabecular adaptation in human proximal femur.
The first procedure, start calibration, initiated the calibration process for determining a reference radioactivity concentration and reference time.
Three screen tasks were used for determining a reference of ideal dimensions of a pen-based product.
This result that content determines reference explains one thing we should, plausibly, want a semantic theory to do: it should assign to each expression some value a content which determines a reference for that expression.
So we plainly cannot assign to 'I' a single content which determines a reference for the expression, since the expression has a different reference in different situations.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com