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Deep in situ rock stress determinations are typically conducted using hydraulic fracturing in an existing borehole or by applying specialized overcoring techniques that require the installation of a strain-monitoring instrument in a central pilot borehole that is subsequently overcored.
Workplace determinations are typically interpreted through the use of a urinary reference value that is linked to an occupational exposure limit for pyrene (Jongeneelen, 2001).
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Coefficients of variation between the resulting 4 determinations were typically less than 40%.
The standard error of the pH determination is typically of order 0.1 pH units.
This determination is typically referred to as instrumental variable analysis or Mendelian randomisation [ 18, 19].
Respect for self-determination was typically the default position in cases where the immediate risk of harm was seen as low.
Threshold determination is typically carried out by either manual assessment (e.g. [ 25, 35, 36]) or automated methods [ 29, 37, 38].
HIV-1 viral load determination is typically performed with HIV RNA amplification by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) or branched chain DNA tests.
This determination is typically made by visual comparison of the functional imaging results with Brodmann's schematic drawings and thus comes with no defined estimate of precision or uncertainty.
Because the difference in gene composition between sexes in species with chromosomal sex determination is typically limited to a few genes on the Y (or W) chromosome, mitigation of these trade-offs is accomplished primarily via sex-specific gene regulation (Rinn and Snyder 2005; Ellegren and Parsch 2007).
Changes in the policy, training, and other factors which may influence determination procedures are typically established by the director of DDS, a political appointee20.
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