We also assessed the representativeness of the study participants; methods for ascertaining exposure; comparability of exposure groups (including unexposed) in terms of age, sex, socioeconomic status, non-response bias, health outcomes, determination, and validation of outcomes; internal validity; and assessment and addressing of confounding factors.
The reliability of the models was assessed using the coefficient of determination in validation (R2V) and the ratio of standard deviation of the reference data in the validation set to the standard error of prediction (RPDV).
Planning orthognathic surgery requires the determination and validation of correct mentolabial morphological relationships, which requires two sources of information [10].
The coefficient of determination in validation (R2V) and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) were used to assess model accuracy.
The laboratory results coupled with ABAQUS/Explicit simulations provided a tool for determination and validation of the models' parameters for each material.
This method actually provides an estimation of cardiac index rather than a precise determination: most validation studies using thermodilution as gold standard for cardiac output measurement reported limits of agreement with TEE reaching ± 1 L/min [35].
Apart from the current challenges for each of these, future perspectives should be directed towards material property determination, model validation, more complete multiphysics models and more energy-oriented and integrated "nexus" modelling of the dehydration process.
The models showed the coefficient of determination of validation set and ratio of standard error of prediction to standard deviation of reference value of 0.934 and 3.96 for lower heating value, 0.803 and 2.31 for carbon; 0.856 and 2.65 for hydrogen; 0.973 and 6.6 for nitrogen; 0.785 and 2.19 for sulfur and 0.522 and 1.46 for oxygen, respectively.
For β-TrCP knockdown determination and validation studies 2 µg of RNA were used as template for synthesis of cDNA using SuperScript™ II Reverse Transcriptase.
For the determination and validation of the quasi-monomorphic variation range (QMVR) for each of the five MSI markers, PCR amplification profiles were scored individually, and the size of both alleles was determined for each marker and for each tumor individually as described previously [11].
