This procedure enables the determination of element stiffness matrices representing analytical solutions of the governing differential equations.
Investigation on a surface structure of iron modified by the action of compression plasma flows and determination of element and phase composition was carried out using X-ray diffraction analysis, Auger-electron spectroscopy, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, along with studies on mechanical properties of the material.
A procedure was developed for the determination of element distributions in cross-sections of ferromanganese concretions using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).
However, the best results were obtained employing ICP-MS in NH3-DRC mode which allowed the simultaneous determination of elements like 51V, 55Mn, 58Ni, 68Zn and 238U, which can be determined in the reference sample with an accuracy error lower than 10% and 95Mo determined with an accuracy error of 15%.
Since analyzed solutions act as liquid cathodes, this discharge system is useful for the direct determination of elements dissolved in solutions without having to produce their aerosols by pneumatic nebulization.
The limits of quantification found in the analytical method based on HR-CS FAAS allow the determination of elements in soil at concentration levels below the limits of applicability given for LR-LS FAAS [53].
EDXRF is equipped with a rhodium (Rh) anode along with an assembly of eight filters (Al, cellulose, Cu thick, Cu thin, No, Pd medium, Pd thick, Pd thin), and a Si (Li) detector (with a 15-mm2 area and less than an equal 76-μm beryllium window) was used for the determination of elements of the samples (Adyel et al. 2012).
The validation of the analytical procedure for quantitative determination of elements in medicinal plants and their aqueous extracts was performed by evaluating selectivity, working and linear ranges, limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantification (LoQ), trueness, and precision (repeatability and reproducibility) (EURACHEM [1998]).
In the validation study of the method based on HR-CS FAAS for the determination of elements over a wide concentration range, sometimes up to 3 orders of magnitude (Cu, Pb, Zn), the comparison was made with ICP-OES as reference method using the Bland and Altman approach.
