Rietveld, H. M. A method for including the line profiles of neutron powder diffraction peaks in the determination of crystal structures.
X-ray diffraction techniques (or "X-ray crystallography") allow for the determination of crystal structures in inorganic, organic, and biological materials.
Structural biology has contributed enormously to this understanding through the determination of crystal structures of many of the individual components of this complex, and some of the complexes.
Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of the Bragg law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure.
In jointly awarding the two men the Nobel Prize in 1985, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences cited their achievement "in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures".
Together with a classmate, Dr. Jerome Karle, Dr. Hauptman, a math major at CCNY, shared the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their "outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures".
The methods employed in such studies are equally varied and include simple physical and chemical identification tests, determination of crystal symmetry, optical examination, X-ray diffraction, isotopic analysis, and other sophisticated procedures.
The structural basis of antigen recognition in cellular immunity has been elucidated through the determination of crystal structures of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules bound to antigenic peptides, T cell receptors (TCR), CD8 and CD4 co-receptors and, most recently, TCRs in complex with peptide-MHC (pMHC).
Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction has begun to stretch its strategic presence from the sheer determination of crystal structures into the mechanistic and kinetic information of microporous zeolite materials.
