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Here, we review many of the proposed adverse consequences of PPI therapy and apply established criteria for the determination of causation.
The study design does not allow any determination of causation.
CPGs can serve as decision aids for determination of causation, diagnosis, prognosis, or patient responsiveness to treatment [ 1- 3].
The eventual cost of an ever-expanding recognition of occupational diseases will necessitate the transfer of this burden to the mainstream of medical care where the determination of causation will no longer be necessary to treatment.
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Our study design did not permit determination of the causation of immune dysregulation.
Regardless which retrospective record review is used, the methodology is subjective and can be affected by certain biases such as with the hindsight bias, which may provide an overestimation, especially of the determination of healthcare causation, preventability, and severity of an AE.
There are asymmetries of determination: We think of causation as going from past through present to future, and not of going the other way round.
However, because correlation does not always equal causation, determination of the relevance of elevated PHLDA2 expression using an animal model is of crucial importance.
This describes a two-stage process of causation of criminal events, with situational determination of opportunity preceded by situational arousing or releasing of motivation (permissions, prompts, provocations and pressures).
The authors conclude that in teaching and learning historical causation and the determination of historical problems, the relationship between the processes of reading and the analysis of evidence, as well as their organization and transfer into writing, must be considered.
Causality and Determination, her inaugural lecture on becoming professor of Cambridge in 1970, presented an extraordinarily original and controversial view of causation.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com