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Because the spatial distribution of LNAPL at a field site is strongly dependent on both the spill circumstances and the heterogeneity of the geologic materials, which can be problematic for in-situ determination, alternative methods for estimating source-zone emissions are needed.
Moreover, the AHP is often used to address various kinds of situation problems, such as weight determination, alternative assessment, quality management, resource allocation, and strategic planning (Liberatore, 1987; Cheng and Mon, 1994; Kwong and Bai, 2002; Ahsan and Bartema, 2004; Melón et al., 2008; Hermans and Thissen, 2009; Luca, 2014).
Due to the complicated nomenclature and labor-intensive nature of electrophoretic type (ET) determination, alternative methods have been pursued.
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Quantitative evaluation results indicate that the normalized ASTM offset method is very promising as a precise, simple and practical Kop determination method alternative to the ASTM method, and also the use of the 2/PI (ΔKeff) estimation method is recommended.
With the mixed-mode growth approach, multicomponent mapping of the phase diagram, allowing the determination of alternative tie-lines, is not necessary to solve the theoretical model.
Cycle conditions were 45 s at 96°C for initial denaturing followed by 25 or 30 cycles at 96°C for 30 s, 58 72°C (primer specific annealing temperature) for 30 s and 72°C for 1 min and a final extension step at 72°C for 5 min. For determination of alternative polyadenylation sites the 3'RACE method was used.
Current evidence suggests that determination of alternative queen phenotypes in a colony occurs during development and can be influenced by both environmental and genetic factors [ 43, 49, 50].
For the determination of alternative electron acceptors and donors, substrate utilization was judged positive only after a minimum of three consecutive transfers under growth conditions.
This is made possible by the completion of the following steps; problem analysis, determination of zero alternative, determination of project alternatives, identification of costs and effects, quantification and monetization of effects.
The change in the relaxation rates [Formula: see text] obtained from pre- and post-contrast gradient echo data was used for the alternative determination of rCBV [rCBV [Formula: see text])].
Probability density functions of flame curvature were determined using a multi-step flame front detection algorithm with estimates of the turbulent burning velocity provided along with a discussion of alternative determination methods.
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