Additionally, the OM hosts c. 15 highly abundant porin channels that act as permeability determinants, protecting the cell from potentially harmful compounds in its environment (e.g. antibiotics).
The capsule is one of the most important virulence determinants, protecting against serum bactericidal activity, antimicrobial peptides and phagocytosis [ 11, 15- 18].
Downregulation of nestin in neuronal cells activates Cdk5/p35 dependent apoptosis, suggesting that nestin is a survival determinant, protecting neuronal progenitors from stress induced cell death [10].
The effect of an antibody that binds to and protects the bound epitope itself could be to protect the determinant (enhanced presentation), whereas the effect of an antibody that binds to and protects a site that needs to be processed in order to liberate the epitope could lead to inhibition of processing (reduced presentation).
10 12 Therefore, understanding the key determinants predisposing or protecting the Chinese against osteoporotic fracture is an important public health initiative for the twenty-first century.
We propose that events during within-host competition may underlie the benefit of virulence determinants that either induce or protect against the host's inflammatory responses.
Soluble hepatoma D23-specific antigens were labile to radiolabelling, and for optimal retention of serological reactivity it was necessary to protect the antigenic determinant by performing the chloramine T method of iodination with antigen bound to the immunoadsorbent followed by elution from the solid phase with 3M NaSCN.
Indeed, the existing vaccines, which are based on polysaccharide determinants of the pneumococcal capsule, cannot protect against all of the 90 capsular variants (serotypes) of the bacterium.
Therefore, gender-specific determinants and mechanisms that promote and protect mental health and foster resilience to stress and adversity should be emphasized.
Core public health functions may be considered as a set of fundamental activities that address determinants of health, and maintain and protect population health through organised efforts of society.
