Because low-income countries are generally ill-equipped to handle environmental hazards, an increased amount of exports results in increased environmental pollution and deteriorated population health.
5 We also included manufacturing economic activity as a percentage of GDP, which is hypothesised to be positively related to environmental degradation, which further deteriorates population health.
This value is the number of SDs of difference between the two groups relative to the baseline population: In the case of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment or prodromal Alzheimer's disease, the base-line population represents an already deteriorated patient population so standardising based on this non-healthy population can therefore lead to unusual effect sizes.
However, this approach somehow deteriorates the population diversity, which may cause a MOIA to be trapped in a local optimum and could also lead to premature convergence when tackling some complicated multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs).
Footprints are composed of the following six subcomponents: cropland, grazing land, forests, fishing waters, built-up land and energy. 2 We hypothesised that unequal trade activities conducted with high-income countries undermine the ecological footprints and deteriorate the population health in peripheral countries.
Although obesity has been known to evoke or aggravate asthma in the general population, deteriorating airway hyper-responsiveness is not thought to do so [ 19– 22].
There has also been a resurgence of TB in many developed countries secondary to migrant population, deteriorating social conditions, cutbacks in public health services and increasing prevalence of immuno-suppressed individuals.
The resurgence of TB in many developed countries has been attributed to higher migrating population, deteriorating social conditions, cutbacks in public health services and increasing prevalence of immuno suppressed/HIV-positive individuals.
However, the general level of ill health have remained stable in all the Nordic countries, at least until the mid-1990s, and the economic recession in Sweden was not reflected in any immediately deteriorating trend in population health or health inequalities.
Hybrid F2 populations persisted longer in deteriorating environments than nonhybrid F2 populations and F2 populations (including both hybrids and nonhybrids) survived more deleterious conditions than both parental and F1 populations.
