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The loop design also has the highest detection coefficient (maximum detection distance versus the conductive area of the sensor) of 0.23 compared with 0.06 and 0.1 for the investigated filled and spiral designs, respectively.
LPV concentration was analysed centrally by validated HPLC using diode array detection: coefficient of variation 1.6% at 1.98 mg/L and 1.7% at 7.96 mg/L; detection limit 0.008 mg/L.
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Categorical variables and detection coefficients are also introduced in the model to identify the periods and locations of energy frauds as well as faulty smart meters.
Levels of detection, coefficients of variation (CV) and participation in quality control programs have been described in detail elsewhere [ 27].
Levels of detection, coefficients of variation and participation in quality control programs have been described in detail elsewhere [ 22].
Levels of detection, coefficients of variation and participation in quality control programs have been described in detail elsewhere [ 35, 36].
More detailed information, such as limit of detection, coefficients of variance, and reference material are thoroughly described in Wennberg et al. [ 5].
Detection limit, coefficient of variation (n=6) and sampling rate were estimated at 0.3 μg L−1, 0.8% and 20 h−1, respectively.
Detection limit, coefficient of variation and sampling rate were evaluated at 2.7 µg L−1, 5.4% (n=6) and 4 sample h−1, respectively.
A linear response was observed within the range 5 200 μg L−1 and the detection limit, coefficient of variation and sampling rate were estimated as 1.7 μg L−1 (99.7% confidence level), 0.7% (n = 20) and 55 determinations per hour, respectively.
Under optimized conditions, a linear response was observed within the range of 0.1 2.2 mg L−1, with the detection limit, coefficient of variation and sampling rate estimated as 0.02 mg L−1, 4.1% and 60 determinations per hour, respectively.
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