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These results suggest that the newly developed S. typhimurium TA1538 strains are applicable for detecting the activation of promutagens of which mutagenic activation is not or weakly detectable with N-nitrosamine-sensitive YG7108 strains expressing human P450s.
After detecting some important changes in their morphological features, we explored the expression level of several genes in Escherichia coli cells adhering onto flat and nanostructured gold surfaces, detecting the activation of the two-component system stress pathways CpxP/R and the up-regulation of the fimbrial recombinase FimE.
Apoptosis is often measured by detecting the activation of the caspase proteases.
This finding confirms the reliability of our method to evaluate oxidative stress by detecting the activation of NOX enzymes.
So the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of FC-98 on CXCL-10 was examined by detecting the activation of p38, JNK, ERK, and STAT1.
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While this experiment did not discover any differentially regulated antimicrobial peptides, we do detect the activation of immune activating proteins C4, alpha-macroglobulin and CD109 in diseased tissues.
But after the worms learn to associate butanone with a meal, Sylvain can detect the activation of an entire neural circuit — a sensory neuron, an interneuron and a motor neuron.
The interactions between the tested proteins were assayed by monitoring yeast colonies growth on selective medium DOB-Leu-Trp-His to detect the activation of the His reporter gene.
Though Kirk's crew detects the activation of Genesis and attempts to move out of range, they will not be able to escape the nebula in time due to the ship's damaged warp drive.
However, our microarray analysis did not detect the activation of the gene for thiamine phosphate kinase (TTHA0424), therefore, we believe that the observed activation of thiamine biosynthesis genes does not result in the activation of thiamine pyrophosphate-requiring enzymes.
While this observation contrasts with previous reports showing ERK 1/2 and NF-κB activation in HUVEC by high D-glucose [14], [37], other studies have also failed to detect the activation of both molecules in endothelial cells exposed to elevated D-glucose levels [20], [38], [39].
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