Assuming a null hazard ratio equal to 1.0, a trial designed to detect an alternative hazard ratio equal to 1.3, based on accrual of 25 patients/year for 2 years (50 patients total) and with an additional 2 years of follow-up, has 25%, 46%, and 83% power based on correlations of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7, respectively.
Indeed, as indicated in his discussion of the Wigner's Friend story above, Everett held that it was always in principle possible to measure an observable that would detect an alternative post-measurement branch, and it was this that he used to argue the other direction.
It's to provide another visual notification for when the system needs a little human attention to address a particular anomaly it's detected — so an alternative notification medium for users who might not want to be nagged by too many notifications on their phone, say.
To address the possibility that the macrophage HASPB surface staining patterns observed were due to antibody capping, surface HASPB was detected using an alternative method without antibody staining.
Provided the molecular basis leading to the end point in question reflects in vivo development, an "effect" detected in an alternative model is a good indication that a similar effect may be expected in humans after chemical exposure.
Since rRNA gene sequencing revealed an unexpected bacterial signature in plaque of West Virginians with high oral disease, we asked whether this pattern could be detected using an alternative method of 16S rRNA gene analysis, HOMIM.
Suppose that the null hypothesis H0∶ρ = ρ0 is tested where one wishes to detect a relevant alternative H1∶ρ≠ρ0, where ρ0 is the proposed value of the proportion.
Figure S6 shows the theoretically increased power (or power gain) and decreased power (or power loss) for detecting a true alternative hypothesis in the two sets (Detailed methods of the simulation are described in the Methods section of Supporting Information S1).
We examined the sensitivity of the final alignment to the reference tree that guides the DNA sequence alignment in programs such as Clustal X, to detect whether an alternative tree would give an equally good alternative alignment.
