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There were also no detectable gene expression changes in Nasonia vitripennis females in response to the presence of cofoundresses.
Few differences were detected between the NV-C mild group and NV-NC control at day 1 and zero at day 5, suggesting that immune response to APEC was very rapid, occurring before day 1 sampling, or involved few detectable gene expression changes.
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Although this large-scale transcriptomic survey was performed primarily to determine whether there were detectable, early gene expression changes between selection lines following challenge with the herbicide, we now have candidate loci that may be involved in the resistance mechanism.
Recent work has used a transgenic apple tree (expressing an antisense copy of the ACC oxidase gene) which produces no detectable ethylene to examine gene expression changes and production of volatile compounds associated with apple aroma [ 22].
Thus, neither superparasitism nor the presence of cofoundresses, both of which influence sex allocation, produced gene expression changes detectable at the level of the whole body.
Maximizing detectable spots on the reference image channel also decreases the variability of microarray data allowing for reliable detection of smaller differential gene expression changes.
Gene expression profiling of human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) or mononuclear cells, have revealed robust gene expression changes that are detectable within two hours of an in vivo endotoxin challenge [ 3, 4].
This is also illustrated by relating the proportion of LPS-induced gene expression changes in monocytes detectable in PBMC to their fold change (figure 4b).
A second potential explanation is that a single exposure to acid or bile salts may be insufficient to induce lasting gene expression changes that are detectable by current technologies.
We further considered the possibility that the E2f4-bound genes may show low-level gene expression changes that would be detectable if considered as a set [28].
We thus reasoned that gene expression changes underlying the proliferation block would be detectable at 18 hpf, and that the majority of the genes identified as being underexpressed would be direct targets of Runt-1.
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