Cell proliferation leads to a higher CI value because of larger Rcell(f), while cytotoxicity induces rounding-up and detachment of cells leading to a decreased CI value.
HapA also causes cell rounding, loss of the barrier function of the epithelial layer, and, ultimately, detachment of cells under tissue culture conditions11,12.
Thus, the attachment and detachment of cells on the culture surface can be controlled by simple temperature change.
Furthermore, selective detachment of cells could also be achieved by UV light illumination on the specified gel surface.
These observations were further confirmed by Hoechst 33342 staining, which revealed extensive detachment of cells from the cell culture substratum and increases in apoptotic bodies of HepG2 cells incubated with H2O2 and TNFα for 16 h (Fig. 2e).
The thermoresponsive PNVCL surface exhibited a hydrophilic/hydrophobic alteration with external temperature change, which enabled the thermally modulated attachment and detachment of cells.
In contrast, reattachment of ATP-depleted cells and detachment of cells not previously subjected to ATP depletion are prevented by ML-7, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLC K.
One of the important aspects during biological clogging in trickle-bed bioreactors is the aggregation of cells and the detachment of cells and aggregates from pore bodies within the porous bed.
b Detachment of cells from the biofilm during biomineralization.
Under the invasion of growing biominerals, a dramatic detachment of cells in biofilm happened inevitably (Fig. 5b).
Nevertheless, this procedure might also result in the detachment of cells from the biofilm due to the shear forces exerted.
