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PGE2 also upregulated DVL molecules, which connect the Fzd-Lrp receptor and the β-catenin destruction complexes.
Thus APC's ability to stabilize destruction complexes and stimulate growth of Axin cables requires both sites mediating Axin complex interaction, the Arm rpts and SAMPs.
In the simplest model, mutant destruction complexes wouldn't template βcat phosphorylation, but Axin's ability to do this in vitro in APC's absence cast doubt on this (Ha et al., 2004).
Both the Arm rpts and SAMPs were required to stabilize Axin in destruction complexes, since Axin coexpressed with either APC2ΔArm or APC2ΔSAMPs exhibited the fast dynamics characteristic of Axin expressed alone.
When the destruction complexes contained of AXIN1, APC, CK1, and GSK3β are inhibited, subsequently resulted in the accumulation of cytoplasmic β-catenin [ 36] in the mutated HT-29 cell line.
Axin puncta are dynamic multiprotein complexes that can recruit APC and other destruction complex proteins, and previous data from many labs are consistent with the idea that the puncta can serve as useful models of the smaller endogenous destruction complexes, based on correlations between puncta formation, dynamics, and function in βcat destruction (e.g. Faux et al., 2008; Fiedler et al., 2011).
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The destruction complex exerts a tight control on the beta-catenin signaling.
Considering its essential role in both "destruction complex" and "LRP signalosome", the activity of Axin has to be tightly controlled.
GSK3 is most likely the key kinase that phosphorylates Axin and facilitates its function in "destruction complex".
Upon WNT ligand binding to its receptors, the capacity of the destruction complex to phosphorylate cytosolic β-catenin is inhibited.
This triggers the disruption of the destruction complex and prevents degradation of beta-catenin in the proteasome.
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