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Despite constitutive synthesis, GapR accumulates preferentially in the swarmer compartment of the predivisional cell.
Finally, immunohistochemistry showed the presence of cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin and nuclear Cyclin D1, markers consistent with preserved Wnt/β-catenin signaling despite constitutive blockade of the cell surface receipt of Wnt signaling ligand.
In contrast, our results suggest that in the evolution of cellular regulation a choice has been made such that one class of genes is primarily regulated by differential expression during activation while another class is regulated, despite constitutive expression, by alternatively splicing.
We found no evidence for deletion of PTEN in the present cell lines, despite constitutive phosphorylation of Akt at Ser.
Despite constitutive activation of the kinase through gene alterations, such as chromosomal translocation, gene amplification or mutation, treatments with kinase inhibitors invariably lead to the development of resistance.
In addition, despite constitutive caspase-8 expression, or its possible restoration by different strategies, NB cells remain weakly sensitive to TRAIL indicating a need to develop strategies to sensitise NB cells to TRAIL.
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Among these molecules, ICAM has gained a particular interest because of its localized expression upon inflammatory signals, which can serve as a marker for inflammation despite its constitutive low level expression [201, 202].
ORF79 is accumulated specifically in microspores, despite its constitutive expression (Wang et al. [2006]), which provides a tight correlation between its accumulation and the phenotype of gametophytic MS. The molecular mechanism that regulates the expression of ORF79 and the way in which it causes the arrest of microspore development at the trinucleate stage are unknown.
Despite variable constitutive levels none of the other cell types had significant cytokine induction with LPS (Figure 7A and C).
However, upon IL-7 stimulation, the proportion of pStat5+CD4+ T cells did not increase in INRs despite higher constitutive levels (p = .06); INRs also displayed lower Bcl-2+CD8+ T-cell proportions than controls (p = .04).04
In KAx-3 cells overexpressing mycPTP3ΔC649S however, the phosphorylation of AdcA was not noticeably affected despite a constitutive activation of STATc (not shown).
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