The alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) is perhaps one of the most desirable devices for directly converting heat into electrical energy, particularly for deep space exploration, where time can be prolonged from a decade to a score of years.
Its engineers design manufacturing processes to make lighter, thinner, and more desirable devices.
The ability to electrically control the bandgap, a fundamental property of semiconductors and insulators that determines electrical and optical response, is highly desirable for device design and functionality.
Moreover, the performances of the polarization beam splitter are insensitive to longitudinal alignment errors in the coupling region, which is desirable for device fabrication and practical application.
Such large coupling would be desirable for device applications but reproducibility would also be critical.
Therefore, an inline monitoring device for terminating CO2 extraction processes at the right time has been desirable.
One-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructure arrays aligned on substrates are highly desirable for promising device applications.
Furthermore, single mode laser operation [12, 13, 18 20] is desirable for better device to fiber coupling efficiency in optical fiber communication systems.
In addition, the SiO2 substrate induces p-type doping in graphene and opens a small gap of 0.13 eV at the Dirac point of graphene, which is desirable for electronic device applications.
3, 6 Strong magneto-electric coupling is desirable for many device applications, 7– 9 where the interplay of the magnetic and electrical order leads to the desired behavior, for example in electrically written, magnetically read non-volatile memory elements 10 or other spintronics and memory applications.
