We suggest that in the ACDIS population, the long-established pattern of high rates of non-marriage reduces the social desirability to over-report marriage and by extension, widowhood.
Thus, it is possible that our results were influenced by social desirability bias (over-reporting of expected behavior) and by the administration of the questionnaire in healthcare centers.
Simply, peer reports are believed to be more reliable, and less biased by social desirability (the over-estimation of good aspects of one's own behaviour and under-estimation of bad aspects: [ 10]) than self-ratings and, as such, are considered the gold standard for assessment [ 11].
Generally, due to issues of social desirability phenomenon and over-reporting of PA that has been associated with the IPAQ, 39 40 it may be necessary to start considering the need for multiple measurements when using the IPAQ for evaluating PA, especially in developing African countries.
Self-reports can lead to social desirability bias and over-reporting of compliance with the elements of the programme, and is a less valid means of assessing levels of implementation than other more objective methods such as observation during lessons [ 7, 8].
However, trend estimates may also be influenced by response bias including changes in question order, inclusion of sensitive subject areas in surveys, and changes in social desirability (for example, higher over-reporting of PA as low levels of participation become more widely recognized as a health issue).
He is asked about the "desirability" of socialising over a meal with alcohol.
If, as it would appear from this statement, such central issues as the desirability of handing over human services to for-profit businesses are to be resolved by an evidence-free restatement of the commission's longstanding beliefs, why bother with the elaborate rigmarole of an inquiry?
Similarly, improving the adherence to a negative microscopy test tended to improve the relative desirability of microscopy over RDT diagnosis.
"Disgust makes me lucid," she says in a voice-over, and she experiences both her desires and her desirability with as much revulsion as fascination.
Generally, it centers on the setting-up process, although my sister Mary Ann and her husband, Robert, once had a decade-long quarrel over the desirability of flocking.
