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The use of SMA-actuated structures in shape morphing wing designs reduces the weight penalty due to the actuation systems, because such SMA-actuated structures carry aerodynamic loads.
Actually, another approach to handle the designs that are rejected by the candidate elimination algorithm is to discard them and not to transfer them to the next generation; however, our experiments showed that discarding the rejected designs reduces the population diversity and decreases the algorithm efficiency.
Moreover, the deep keel shape cavity harboring the embryos in both designs reduces movement of surrounding medium.
The use of such designs reduces selection biases by ensuring that control individuals truly represent the population from which the cases came from [ 23, 24].
4 A recent systematic review 5 described a positive association between PA and physical as well as psychological health; however, heterogeneity of study designs reduces confidence in these findings.
The use of information from a variety of study designs reduces the likelihood of false-positive evaluations because it is unlikely that the same biases will occur in multiple studies based on different populations under different study designs.
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Both designs reduce downwind particle concentrations significantly.
Both Y-graft designs reduced superior vena cava pressures during exercise by as much as 5 mm Hg.
Simple stencil designs reduced the cost of producing playing cards in France, and the French designs were lightly modified in England to produce the modern, or international, suitmarks.
Using milling machines, workers carve out pockets in intricate Isogrid designs, reducing the plate to about 1,000 pounds, he said.
In addition, many of the study designs reduced the reliability and generalisability of the results.
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