Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(3)
DKK, OK and MOO designed the study instrument.
JB and BB conceptualized the study, designed the study instrument, and made substantial contributions to the data interpretation and writing of the paper.
JB and BB conceptualized the study, designed the study instrument and made substantial contributions to the data interpretation and writing of the paper; MK, KO, K-HH and S-LY participated in the instrument design, recruitment and interpretation of the data; GG participated in data analysis and drafting of the final manuscript.
Similar(57)
LC, LD, DW designed the study instruments.
This team designed the study instruments, conducted quantitative and qualitative surveys, and analysed the data.
NCE was the principal investigator, designed the study instruments, performed the literature search and led the qualitative analysis.
SW participated in originating the idea, designing the study instruments, data analysis and reviewing drafts and approval of the final draft.
ERW conceptualized the study, designed the survey instrument, directed data analyses, interpreted study results, and had principal responsibility for drafting the manuscript.
ST had the initial idea for the study, designed the survey instrument, did the survey and wrote the initial draft of the paper.
MP designed the study, developed study instruments, supervised the data collection and was involved in preparing the manuscript.
JT designed the study, developed study instruments and supervised the data collection.BD was involved in statistical analysis.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com