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We designed null models to assess the nature and significance of recorded changes within each administrative unit and for each orchid taxa.
However, even well designed null model tests yield patterns that could be explained by multiple processes this has been a central criticism of the community assembly null model approach [50].
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We develope the ergodic capacity estimation with BD based on Proposition 2. As T k [n - D] is designed to null the inter-user interference, it is a unitary matrix independent of H k [n - D].
This sequence class is designed to null the average Hamiltonian (¯¯¯H 0)) over the period of the multiple-pulse cycle, typically to provide for high-resolution isolation of evolution from a switched interaction, such as field gradients for imaging or small sample perturbations.
IS wrote the manuscript, designed the null models and did the statistical analysis.
We estimated the spatial pattern by designing a null model, similar to previous studies [ 23].
57 This feature has important implications for designing appropriate null models for network structure 58 and is shared with, for instance, PPI networks.
Thus our null model is designed to test the null hypothesis that the topology of the TRN is essentially determined by the exchange of information between the cognate/cognate response elements, of given length distributions.
Several quantitative functions have been developed for evaluating the quality of bipartite network divisions, however, these functions were designed based on null model comparisons and thus are subject to certain resolution limits.
Both of the knockout strategies were designed to yield null alleles.
To identify the influence of such spatial effects, we designed a spatiotemporal null model that aimed to estimate the expected individual repeatability if individuals simply differed consistently in their occurrence at different feeding locations, but were not repeatable in their behaviour within these locations.
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