In this paper, two software based R/D conversion methods are proposed to improve the robustness against noise by using over-sample technique: one is designed in the time domain; the other is designed in the frequency domain.
As the authors highlight in [16], the complexity needed to design the optimum minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer, which is designed in the time domain [10], is higher while the bit error rate (BER) is only lower than that achieved by the frequency sampling method at a very high energy-bit-to-noise ratio in highly frequency-selective channels [8].
Observations of the treatment and comparison lessons, combined with daily reflections from the instructor, suggested that all lessons were carried out as designed in the time allotted to them.
Most TO devices were considered and designed in the time-varying EM fields1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, and a few devices have also been dealt with for static fields11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19.
In order to compensate the time delay and guarantee stability of the system, a communication disturbance observer (CDOB) is designed in the discrete-time domain.
To take into account the numerical implementation, the feedback controller is designed in the discrete-time setting.
Improving thermal efficiencies will slightly reduce the CO2 emissions but it is essential to design, in the same time, processes recovering carbon dioxide at low cost.
Therefore, a state observer is designed in the next section for the discrete-time model.
In FMCA, both the TaqMan and shared-stem molecular beacon were designed in the same way as in real-time PCR.
The observer is designed in continuous time, then discretized.
The forest, until recently a federally protected nature reserve, is part of the greenbelt outside the capital designed in Soviet times to manage Moscow's pollution.
