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This element is taken as the designated element relative to which the algebraic semantics is given.
(Consequently there is an accessibility condition for the designated element: if one thinks of the extensional relation as a graph, there must be a directed path from any element to the designated element).
Relational structures of this kind look like transitive closures of sets and the designated element of the domain indicates the set whose transitive closure is being depicted.
Thus one could say that a set (or, better, a set picture) is a isomorphism class of binary structures consisting of a domain, an extensional binary relation, and a designated element of the carrier set.
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In other words, M is a matrix semantics for L if every matrix in M is a model of L and moreover for every Γ and φ such that Γ ⊬L φ there is a model of L in M that witnesses the fact, namely there is a valuation on the model that sends the formulas in Γ to designated elements and φ to a non-designated one.
An algebra is a matrix without a set D of designated elements.
The degree to which LCTs exhibit fidelity to the designated elements of OPII. 2.
Privately designated elements such as photo galleries and profiles will remain accessible only to friends and other permitted users.
In the examples we discussed, the set of designated elements was definable in the algebras by one equation.
The set of designated elements D in fact facilitates a definition of validity with respect to which the theorems of a system can be evaluated.
A logical matrix is a pair < A, D > where A is an algebra and D a subset of the carrier A of A; the elements of D are called the designated elements of the matrix and accordingly D is called the set of designated elements.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com