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Data were weighted, taken into account the study design, the probability of sampling, finite population correction, and none response rate.
In our survey, which was a multistage sample design, the probability of selection is the joint probability of selection at the three stages of sample selection.
By using a tightly controlled study design, the probability of noncompliance and confounding variables affecting these results is much lower than in studies with free-living participants.
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In the cohort as well as in the case control study designs, the probability of a time-dependent exposure changes with the length of follow-up.
This paper first proposes a probabilistic design spectrum which includes as input, in addition to common design parameters, the probability that the design acceleration is exceeded.
The developed statistical models help to identify the elements of tire design affecting the probability of tire failure due to the failure mode in question.
Our results showed that compared to other street patterns, loops and lollipops design increases the probability of an injury but reduces the probability of fatality and property-damage-only in an event of a crash.
Furthermore, the prospective design limited the probability of differential misclassification of risk factors, and selection bias was limited because of the high response rates for the follow-up questionnaires.
If this set of features and patterns is well designed, the probabilities p(+∣ x, M+) that a positive training data object x is labeled as positive are guaranteed to be the global maximum.
We design the conditional probability of defaults for the CDS prices based on the Hawkes-diffusion process and obtain the theoretical prices of CDS indexes.
The application reliability index values are calculated from boreholes to different depths based on the flowchart designed and the probability of liquefaction is then evaluated in these depths.
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