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This type of loading is very rare and could occur once or twice in their design life span.
In the fatigue damage assessment, minimum safety margin of 2.71 was calculated until the end of design life span of 30 years.
The identification, adoption and utilisation of reliable interconnection technology to assembly crystalline silicon solar cells in photovoltaic (PV) module are critical to ensure that the device performs continually up to 20 years of its design life span.
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A large part of the world's installed nuclear power capacity is now coming to the end of that designed life span.
Under operation at high temperature, the pigtails undergo the advance stage of irreversible creep and failed before their designing life span.
There is a class of theories of aging (variously termed adaptive aging, aging by design, aging selected for its own sake, or programmed death theories) that hold that an organism design that limits life span conveys benefits and was selected specifically because it limits life span.
Water supply and water drainage networks are among those projects which are very costly; therefore they are designed with a life span of about one hundred years.
Corrosion modelling is essential for structural design for a particular life span, or to inform decisions on repair of RC structures to reach or extend their service life.
The protocols characteristic of RI studies can cause interpretive challenges, but aspects of the RI design, including gestational exposure, life span observation, and larger numbers of animals and dose groups, may impart advantages that provide chemical risk assessors with valuable insights for the identification of chemical-related neoplasia not obtained from other bioassays.
The group is now designing a clock that will "tick" annually and that is designed to have a life span of 10,000 years.
In this paper 2DH (Delft3D) and 1D (UNIBEST-CL+ and LONGMOR) numerical models were calibrated using data of the Sand Motor mega-nourishment and were then applied to model a series of mega-nourishments with various width over length ratios and volumes in order to derive relations and design graphs for erosion rates, life span and maintenance volumes.
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