The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of selected pain intensity scales including the Faces Pain Scale (FPS), the Verbal Description Scale, the Numeric Rating Scale, and the Iowa Pain Thermometer to assess pain in cognitively impaired minority older adults.
The pain thermometer, verbal description scale, and faces pain scale have all been used successfully with older adults, but older adults tend to have difficulty accurately reporting their pain with the 100-millimeter visual analog scale.
Scaling issues may appear, though, and we do not know how human pattern description scales up to three dimensions and irregular cell lattices.
In addition to identifying the type of QoL instrument, information on items, domains, domain description, scaling and scoring, and administration of each QoL instruments was extracted.
Apart from general commentary on induction methods, the design of the EH experiment is described, including description of each mood induction procedure method, course of the experimental setting and summary of results obtained from participants by self-description scales.
See Table 1 for description of scales.
The text by McDowell and Newell provides an excellent introduction to generic and condition-specific scales, including a description of various scales such as the SF-36 [ 2].
I was encouraged by a website called Rio Hiking, which lured me in with exciting descriptions of scaling Sugar Loaf and Corcovado, of rafting rivers, rappelling waterfalls and forging paths through rainforest, but they failed to answer my emails.
Archytas is giving mathematical descriptions of scales actually in use; he arrived at his numbers in part by observation of the way in which musicians tuned their instruments (Barker 1989, 50 51).
Table 1 Description of the scales of Smart Classroom Inventory (SCI) Scale name Scale description Sample items Physical design The extent to which the spatial area, furniture equipment, and information technology infrastructure of smart classrooms.
A comprehensive description of the scale and scoring methods is particularly important in cases where scales have been merged across child and adult versions [ 19, 37] or the scale transformed [ 38].
