However, to gain more realistic and general understanding of the effect of environmental fluctuations leading to extinction of the species, it is highly desirable to adopt so-called stochastic pulse trains rather than Gaussian white noise as the description of fluctuations [ 41].
While for the macrophase-separated (2P) phase, we found that Helfrich model gives a good description of the fluctuation spectrum of the copolymer monolayer at long wavelengths if the 2P systems are not too close to the phase transition to BμE.
The present article gives a brief description of the fluctuation model of atomic bond instability in a one-dimensional crystal and demonstrates the possibility of using it to predict the thermo-mechanical stability of carbyne-based nanodevices.
A path-integral calculation assumes ring polymers of a particle for description of quantum fluctuations, as explained in the Methods.
Liouville Field Theory (LFT for short) is a two dimensional model of random surfaces, which is for instance involved in 2d string theory or in the description of the fluctuations of metrics in 2d Liouville quantum gravity.
At the time, this choice was not unnatural, given that this expression is well-known and widely used in error theory and the description of statistical fluctuations.
Similarly, the description of cyclic fluctuations, like a circadian rhythm, where the length of the period coincides with the length of the interval, is likely not possible.
Among the tools of structural biology, NMR spectroscopy is unique in that it not only derives a static three-dimensional structure, but also provides an atomic-level description of the local fluctuations and global dynamics around this static structure.
The final far-field noise formula can be used to predict trailing-edge noise in an arbitrary configuration, provided that a minimum statistical description of the aerodynamic pressure fluctuations on the airfoil surface close to the trailing edge is available.
Since an analytical description of these complex spatial fluctuations is difficult, an exact modeling and analysis are not appealing.
