"People were quite discriminating and quite punitive," says Desmond O'Rourke, an economist who has studied apple marketing for four decades, describing consumer studies done at the time.
M is for masstige -- a term combining mass and prestige and describing consumer products that are comparatively low-priced with a prestigious brand name.
Kingfisher, a home improvement retailer, joined other retailers in March in describing consumer demand as weak and raising concerns about the outlook for the year.
Grant McCracken, an author, anthropologist and consultant, takes a broader view, describing consumer involvement as a kind of branding Reformation: marketing professionals used to be the high-priest gatekeepers, but now we can all have a direct relationship with the Almighty Brand.
In a report earlier this year, the Federal Trade Commission recommended that the industry set up a public Web portal that would display the names and contact information of data brokers, as well as describe consumers' data access rights and other choices.
Re "A New Way to Ask, 'How Green Is My Conscience?' " (June 25), which described consumers' purchase of environmental offsets, to make up for the pollution caused by the events of everyday life: As the article said, the challenge for consumers wishing to reduce their "carbon footprint" is to understand how much their dollars help the environment.
Ms. VanDeMark said another "megatrend" drove the development of Biotrue as well: the growing influence of so-called Lohas consumers, which stands for lifestyles of health and sustainability, a marketing term coined about a decade ago to describe consumers whose environmental and social concerns guide their purchases.
The utility function is used to describe consumers' preferences and energy consumption behaviors.
To describe consumers' willingness to accept medication therapy management (MTM) services provided by a pharmacist.
The Consumer Decision Process Model by Blackwell et al. (2005) describes consumers' decision process behavior from need recognition to satisfaction after purchasing products.
