Advocates say the decision is one of the Pentagon's several missed opportunities to improve conditions for women in the military, many of whom have described careers lived under threat of harassment by their male counterparts.
The committee described careers in academic research as very much like a lottery, and they are right.
Participants in this study described career-interest formation as a dynamic process.
The question became a litmus test: Trump appointees began describing career staffers whose loyalty to the new President was in doubt as "Obama holdovers".
If Mr. Hobson were alive today, I think he would be surprised to learn that his 17th Century livery policy generated a phrase that so deftly describes career choices facing many 21st Century women scientists.
Speakers also describe careers with small companies and government laboratories.
A recent e-mail correspondent took me to task for using the word "alternative" to describe careers that don't involve scientific research.
2 3 Self-efficacy as a psychological construct, has been well described in career choice models to explain career behaviours.
Ms. Fawcett herself described her career succinctly.
"Somebody once described my career as schizophrenic," Xia says.
In his press interviews this week, Mr. Firmino described his career in military intelligence.
