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In this model, the adhesive force within the cohesive zone is described by the difference between two Hertzian pressure distributions of different contact widths.
The adhesive force within the cohesive zone near contact edge is described by the difference between two Westergaard pressure distribution functions with different contact widths.
Discrete systems exist in the word widely and most of them are described by the difference equations.
As a toy example, which is supposed to fail for illustrative purposes, a single-pole system, described by the difference equation y(n)=-a y n-1)+x(n), (7). is presented.
The net driving pressure for venous return to the heart was described by the difference between MCFP and PRA.
Furthermore, according to equation 5 the difference in β0 and β1 of the BC comparison can be described by the difference in these parameters for the AC comparison and AB comparison.
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For a given pathway (Fig. 3b), the change in metabolite concentration can be described by the differences between incoming and outgoing fluxes.
The differences are described by the shielding differences generated by different geometry between the predominating eastward drifting protons and the orientation and placement of the MDUs within the ISS.
The bias was described by the mean difference between predicted EE and IC, the quality by the root mean square error (RMSE) of the difference and the accuracy by the number of patients with estimates within 10%% of IC.
In this paper, we proposed a discrete SEIRS epidemic model (2) with general nonlinear incidence, which is described by the backward difference scheme.
In order to describe the spatial correlation of the background clutter, we assume that, after suitable preprocessing to remove the local means, the random field,,, is modeled as a first-order noncausal Gauss-Markov random field (GMrf) described by the finite difference equation [9] (9).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com