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This is in contrast with the descending influence of the SupEG, where some neuronal structures (e.g. the Central Body Complex) seem to up-regulate, while others (e.g. the Mushroom Bodies) apparently down-regulate thoracic motor centers [22], [25], [34], [35].
Below we present the results for each, ordered relative to their descending influence on 1) the percentage of the population infected and 2) other measures when the percent infected were the same.
The significant independent correlates of mortality from the multivariable analysis are presented in Table 4 in order of descending influence on mortality based on Wald χ values.
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The middle level consists of hypothalamus and brainstem areas that translate descending influences into bodily outputs.
Further, its spatiotemporally complex character suggests a disruption of the normal dynamic equilibrium between multiple ascending and descending influences on the VPM.
The RVM in the brainstem which contains nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and the adjacent reticular formation is an important relay site for integrating descending influences on the spinal cord and trigeminal nucleus caudalis.
Descending influences on spinal nociceptive processing primarily involve the periaqueductal grey and the rostral ventromedial medulla, which seems to be the final common output for descending influences from rostral brain sites.
They provide insights in how the circuitry of the thorax can operate when freed from the descending influences of the brain and subesophageal ganglia.
In particular, descending influences from the nucleus accumbens via the ventral pallidum to the mesencephalic locomotor region provide a link between limbic and motor regions [ 25].
In the context of injury to the corticospinal tract (CST), brainstem-origin circuits may provide an alternative system of descending motor influence.
How descending axons influence post-lesion events in other species needs to be determined.
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