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Bacteria have thus had plenty of time to adapt to their environments and to have given rise to numerous descendant forms.
Recognizing the effect of heterochronic processes requires knowledge of ontogenetic information from both ancestral and descendant forms.
However, selection brought on by predation pressure will produce anagenetic evolutionary trends, where ancestral species are progressively replaced by the descendant forms and do not persist.
In any event, subsequent to the establishment of the major groups of living organisms, we do find a very strong overall signal when we compare the distribution of characteristics among the presumed descendant forms.
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Further complicating matters is that evolution from ancestral to descendant form is usually a stepwise process.
This view suggests that species such as H. erectus may have exhibited little or no morphological change over long periods of time (evolutionary stasis) and that the transition from one species to a descendant form may have occurred relatively rapidly and in a restricted geographic area rather than on a worldwide basis.
Paedomorphosis is the type of heterochrony where there is less growth during ontogeny in a descendant form, compared with its ancestor.
Paedomorphosis occurs if the period of growth of the descendant form is stopped prematurely progenesis (hypomorphosis of Reilly et al. 1997); if onset of growth is delayed postdisplacement; or if the rate of growth is less in the descendant than in the ancestor neoteny (deceleration of Reilly et al. 1997) (Figs. 2 and 3).
Because organisms generally change in shape as well as increase in size during their development, any variation to the duration of growth or to the rate of growth of different parts of the organism can cause morphological changes in the descendant form.
In time these immigrants, their local wives, and their descendants formed a stable Peranakan Chinese community.
Some 43% of Malmö's 317,000-strong population now have a foreign background, with the 40,000 Iraqi-born citizens and their descendants forming the largest single group.
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