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These compounds have been shown to exert a number of toxic responses, including dermal toxicity, neurodevelopmental deficits, immunotoxicity, reproductive effects and teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, and carcinogenicity.
Several congeners of these pollutants exhibit various biological and toxic actions, such as dermal toxicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and adverse effects on reproductive, neuro behavioral, and endocrine functions (Lindström et al. 1995; Weisglas-Kuperus 1998).
The results of acute dermal toxicity studies suggest that hair dye ingredients are non-toxic via the topical route (Nohyneka et al., 2004).
Permethrin's toxicity ranking [pdf] is category III (slightly toxic) for eye-irritation potential, acute oral and acute dermal toxicity and category IV for dermal irritation potential.
Additionally, exposure to TCDD exerts diversity of toxic and biological effects, including tumor promotion and immuno-, hepato-, cardio-, andermalal toxicity, reviewed in [ 26].
Finally, no dermal toxicity of brucine was observed.
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However, despite accurate targeting of the therapeutic to CD44, this trial was terminated due to graded dose-related dermal toxicities.
Although there are numerous drug therapies for the treatment of acne (topical, systemic retinoid, antibiotics, and keratolytics), the foremost challenge is the growing concerns of rising antibiotic resistance and dermal toxicities with existing medications.
This result is of particular importance given that certain dermal toxicities have been associated with the DPP-4 inhibitor class; however, in the absence of a direct comparison, specific conclusions cannot be drawn as longer observation periods in a greater number of patients may yield different results (23, 24).
The ARC models relied on data from 21 rat dermal developmental toxicity studies conducted with similar experimental designs to ensure a consistent data set for comparison.
The present study provides the first demonstration that long isoforms (120 140 kDa) of NRF1 also contribute to iAs3+-induced antioxidant response in human keratinocytes and suggests that activation of NRF1 is potentially involved in chronic dermal arsenic toxicity.
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