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Discussions led to the recommended "best practices" for the conduct of in vitro dermal absorption studies provided herein.
In addressing the concerns of these regulators and of the regulated community, and providing harmonized recommendations to facilitate comparative data analyses, it is anticipated that wider acceptance of in vitro dermal absorption studies alone can be achieved for pesticide risk assessment.
Prospective work should evaluate species differences including morphological investigations of different skin sites in parallel to dermal absorption studies.
In the absence of dermal absorption studies, the worst-case scenario of 100% of dermal absorption should be taken into consideration [ 25].
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Thanks to the laboratory for Biokinetics and Katharina Ott, for methodical support in dermal absorption in vitro studies.
The dermal absorption in vitro studies with amphibian skin were conducted according to OECD guideline 428 [12] with some adjustments necessary for the adaption to amphibian skin.
The results of this work indicate that freezing of the skin without any preservation measures is unsuitable for dermal absorption in vitro studies with amphibian skin.
Studies of dermal absorption of phthalates have largely focused on direct contact of the skin with the chemicals, but some models predict that transdermal uptake directly from ambient air may be a potentially important route of exposure.
Although the acquired data do not directly reveal new mechanistic information on dermal absorption, the unique and complete study design has provided a suitable data source for the development of dermal absorption prediction models.
Because skin exposure is believed to be the main route of pesticide absorption, the intensity level algorithm used to estimate pesticide exposure in this study emphasizes dermal absorption.
Kissel (2011) argued that dermal absorption has been underestimated in many studies that have used an inappropriate metric (percent absorption) to assess dermal uptake.
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