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Monophyletic groups are defined by the possession of shared, derived traits known as apomorphies.
All descendants of this ancestor are related on the basis of homology and shared derived traits.
By emphasizing a distinction between "primitive" and "derived" traits in the reconstruction of relationships between species, several paleontologists have attempted to show that H. erectus does not make a suitable morphological ancestor for Homo sapiens.
If so, then the derived traits they share with later hominins must have evolved in parallel (i.e., independently).
But it also had more modern or derived traits that link it to great apes, including a short, wide cranium.
Finally, several of the australopiths exhibit derived traits on their facial skeletons that act to withstand high stresses imposed by feeding (e.g., Rak 1983).
Apes and Old World monkeys descended from a more generalized anthropoid common ancestor that lacked the derived traits of either monkeys or apes (McNulty 2010).
The genetic dominance of these mutations suggests that less severe mutations will contribute to phenotypic variation in human neuronally derived traits.
This spider showed a unique mix of ancestral and derived traits: its front half was similar to modern day spiders, yet its abdomen was segmented like the ancestral arthropods (Trigonotarbids and Attercopus).
Even the distinction between homologies as either shared ancestral or shared derived traits can become problematic, when artifacts linger on as antique pieces long after they ceased to be used.
You have what are called derived traits (Synapomorphy).
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