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This contrasts with more than 40% in a US survey (from which we derived this question) [ 52].
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These changes were reported by Coltman et al. (2003) to be genetic, but the methodology used to derive this conclusion has been recently questioned (Hadfield et al. 2010).
These emergent themes were then summarised and used to derive the questions for the next round of the study.
Ever used condoms This measure was derived from the question: "Have you ever used a condom during sex?" The response options were '1 = yes' or '0 = no'.
This question was derived from questions on physical activity levels at work as described in questionnaires such as the EPIC-Norfolk Physical Activity Questionnaire [ 25] and the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire [ 26].
The three questions used for this study were derived from questions which are given to users of systematic reviews to make judgments about clinical practice implications, such as in the JAMA User's Guide [ 28].
This question, derived from the model of work home interference [ 29], has been validated [ 30].
Since these three items were derived from questions recommended to users of systematic reviews, this study suggests a need to further refine these questions to improve understanding and increase inter-rater agreement beyond chance.
The weights derived for each question are shown in table 1.
Parity was derived from a question asking women how many children they had given birth to.
Qualitative data is derived from broad question and is expressed in the form of word responses from study participants.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com