On culture of in vitro derived shoots on 1/2 strength MSBM medium supplemented with a range of concentrations of two auxins (NAA and IBA) for 8 weeks, it was observed that the lower concentrations of NAA or IBA resulted in a higher number as well as better root/shoot growth.
However, in a similar experiment with TgMTP1 from the Zn2+/Ni2+ hyperaccumulator T. goesingense the GFP fusion protein was found to localize to the plasma membrane when transiently expressed in A. thaliana protoplasts derived from shoot tissue [ 10].
For example, the expression profiles of homologous pair PNAC031 and 032, which had two corresponding ESTs derived from shoot meristem respectively, further reinforced the notion that they are the closest orthologs of NAM in Arabidopsis [ 11].
For ABA treatment, plants derived from shoot apex of 2-month-old sugarcane plants were in vitro cultivated for approximately three months in a growth chamber as described [ 31].
For ABA treatment, plants derived from shoot apex of 2-month-old sugarcane plants were axenically in vitro cultivated for approximately three months in a growth chamber at 26°C on a 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle with a photon flux density of 70 μE.m-2.s-1.
We investigated Na+/H+-exchange activity in tonoplast membrane vesicles derived from shoots of S. dolichostachya, and compared these activities to activities in tonoplast membrane vesicles derived from shoots of the related glycophyte S. oleracea.
In Strategy-I plants, systemic Fe signal derived from shoots is thought to determine whether Fe deficiency response in roots takes place (Giehl et al. [2009]; García et al. [2013]).
The explants used in this study were shoots with 2 3 leaves obtained from a mass of protocorm-like bodies of Oncidesa (formerly Oncidesa Gower Ramsey 'U-1'; Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) 2013) derived from shoot-tip culture.
> The effect of Na+ (range 0 250 mM) on the dissipation of a pre-established ΔpH gradient created by V-H+-ATPase was tested in tonoplast membrane vesicles derived from shoots of salt-grown (200 mM NaCl) and control-grown S. dolichostachya (10 mM NaCl) and S. oleracea (0 mM NaCl).
H+-translocating activity and hydrolytic activity of V-H+-ATPase and V-H+-PPase were determined in vesicles derived from shoots of salt-treated (200 mM NaCl) and control-grown S. dolichostachya (10 mM NaCl) and S. oleracea (0 mM NaCl).
Collectively, the cytogenetic and molecular data of Figures 1 and 2 indicate that the establishment of nucleolar dominance occurs postembryonically in tissues derived from the shoot and root apical meristems, with the progressive silencing of A. thaliana-derived rRNA genes correlating with the progressive condensation and heterochromatinization of A. thaliana-derived NORs.
