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Comparisons against modern genomes reveal no unique derived positions in the medieval organism, indicating that the perceived increased virulence of the disease during the Black Death may not have been due to bacterial phenotype.
Comparison of our ancient genome to its ancestor Y. pseudotuberculosis revealed that the medieval sequence contained the ancestral nucleotide for all 97 positions, indicating that it does not possess any derived positions absent in other Y. pestis strains.
Using IGS orbits and precise clocks for the GPS satellites the positions are generated by the combination of code derived positions and phase derived position differences.
The 2012 study placed Aetosaurus at the base of the stagonolepidid clade, with traditional aetosaurine taxa placed in successively more derived positions.
Figure 4 shows the derived positions relative to WAT1.
grubii occupy both internal (ancestral) and apical (derived) positions on the networks (Fig. 3, green circles).
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The consistently derived position of the Moroccan populations within a mostly Canarian clade suggests a further back-colonization of the continent.
Phylogenetic analysis recovers it in a derived position, close to Arthropoda; thus, it seems to belong to a grade of organization close to the point of becoming a true arthropod".
Recent analyses place Dendrerpetontidae outside Edopoidea in a more derived position.
Therefore, based on the context of this dataset, the derived position of Tapuiasaurus can be considered as robust as that of other derived lithostrotians.
Such a derived position of Tapuiasaurus, despite being well supported by character data, creates three extensive ghost lineages that are critical to understand the pace of diversification of advanced titanosaurians (see below).
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